the toggle switch makes me believe that you have an aftermarket alarm... Those things, irregargless of Brand are notorious for causing no start conditions!... i sugeest u take the time to trace and undo them.. If u absolutely must have an alarm for your peace of mind, have one re-installed by a dealer u can trust(and make sure he gives u adequate warranty)
the "device on the harmonic balancer"... your someone is refering to the crankshaft sensor. That thing, the crankshaft sensor is responsible for synchronizing your #1 piston with your #1 spark- yes, it has to do with timing; and provides also the timing of the sequence of the firing order for the other cylinders ou'll find it on 10 o'clock position of the harmonic balancer. It has a wire extending to under the diagnostic port where it meets your engine harness. check and see that the wire isnt damaged. very rare they malfunction though... | 
